British+History

400 - 700
 * BRITISH HISTORY **
 * **(410)** Roman troops withdrew from Britannia; Roman occupation officially over
 * **(440 - 450)** Assorted tribes including the Picts, Saxons, Angles and Jutes invaded unprotected Britain
 * **(477)** Saxon chief, Ella, captured fortress at Anderida; proclaimed himself king of Sussex
 * **(525)** AD //(date)// system introduced; Saxons attacked between London and St. Albans; formed Kingdom of Essex
 * **(556)** Saxons set up seven kingdoms in Britain
 * **(597)** Saint Augustine sent to Britain to convert English to Christianity
 * **(613)** Anglo-Saxons conquered all of Britain; land divided into 30 kingdoms
 * **(617)** Edwin, King of Northumbria, conquered England
 * **(617 - 685)** Northumbrian kingdom reigned supreme
 * **(620)** Ireland invaded by Norsemen
 * **(663)** Plague outbreak across British Isles
 * **(668)** English Church established

700 - 900 1000's 1100's
 * **(730 - 821)** Mercia kingdom reigned
 * **(741)** York burned
 * **(779)** Offa's Dyke //(huge earthworks)// completed from River Dee to River Wye
 * **(793)** First Viking raid on Britain at Lindisfarne
 * **(802 - 839)** Kingdom of Wessex gained control of most of England
 * **(836)** Vikings and West Welsh defeated in battle at Hengists Down near Plymouth
 * **(866)** Vikings, the "Great Army", invaded England
 * **(867)** Northumbria captured by Vikings
 * **(870)** Vikings sacked York; captured Nottingham
 * **(836)** Northmen and West Welsh defeated in battle at Hengists Down near Plymouth
 * **(872)** Vikings defeated Wessex army at Wilton; conquered Mercia
 * **(897)** King Alfred built first English fleet
 * **(926)** Eastern England recaptured by Saxons
 * **(955)** Northumbrian Danes defeated
 * **(957)** After revolt, Edgar named King
 * **(980)** Vikings again invaded England
 * **(994)** Danes and Norwegians attacked London
 * **(1002)** St. Brice's Day Massacre - King Ethelred ordered all Danes in England be killed
 * **(1012)** Danes captured Canterbury
 * **(1013)** Danes captured all of England, King of Danes, Sweyn, made King of England
 * **(1016)** Danish King Canute became King of England
 * **(1035)** King Canute died; England divided between three sons, Sweyn - Norway, Hardicanute - Denmark and South England, Harold Harefoot - North England
 * **(1042)** Edward the Confessor became King
 * **(1066)** Battle of Hastings occurred; William I crowned King of England
 * **(1086)** Domesday Book (//survey of England//) finished
 * **(1087)** King William I died; son, William II King
 * **(1096)** The Crusades began //(lasted 150 years)//
 * **(1100)** King William II killed; brother Henry I became King
 * **(1106)** King Henry I conquered Normandy
 * **(1154)** Henry II crowned King, first in Plantagenet line
 * **(1170)** Thomas Becket (//Archbishop of Canterbury//) murdered after quarrel with Henry II
 * **(1189)** King Henry II ousted; Richard the Lionheart (//Richard I//) crowned King
 * **(1199)** King Richard I died in battle; John new King

1200's 1300's 1400's
 * **(1204)** Philip II of France seized Normandy
 * **(1215)** Magna Carta //(the Great Charter)// completed
 * **(1224)** France declared war on England
 * **(1259)** Treaty of Paris signed; war with France ended
 * **(1272)** Henry III died; Edward I crowned King
 * **(1282 - 1283)** Edward I conquered Wales
 * **(1284)** Wales annexed to England
 * **(1290)** King Edward I expelled Jews from England
 * **(1296)** Edward I invaded Scotland; Scotland became dependency of England
 * **(1297)** William Wallace of Scotland, defeated English at Stirling Bridge
 * **(1298)** Edward I invaded Scotland; defeated Scots
 * **(1307)** King Edward I died; Edward II succeeded to throne; withdrew from Scotland
 * **(1314)** English defeated at Battle at Bannockburn
 * **(1318)** Scottish forces invaded North England
 * **(1320)** Declaration of Arbroath signed by earls and barons of Scotland, rejected English rule
 * **(1327)** Edward II abdicated throne; Edward III King
 * **(1328)** Edward III made peace with Scotland; treaty of Edinburgh signed
 * **(1331)** David II (age seven) crowned King of Scotland
 * **(1337)** Hundred Years' War with France began
 * **(1346)** English claimed first land victory in northern France of Hundred Years' War
 * **(1348)** Black Death Plague ravished England; over 50% of population died
 * **(1377)** King Edward III died; Richard II (//age 10//) crowned King; Poll tax introduced
 * **(1381)** Peasant's Revolt against poll tax occurred
 * **(1399)** King Richard II forced to resign; Henry IV crowned King
 * **(1404)** Welsh hero, Owain Glyndwr, gained control of Wales; declared himself Prince of Wales
 * **(1409)** Welsh surrendered to England
 * **(1413)** King Henry IV died; Henry V new king
 * **(1415)** English defeated French at Battle of Agincourt
 * **(1419)** Henry V took control of Normandy, France
 * **(1422)** Henry V died; Son Henry VI (//aged nine months//) succeeded; council established to rule England
 * **(1453)** Final battle of Hundred Years' War occurred at Chatillon; War ended; England ousted from France
 * **(1455)** War of the Roses began between parties of Plantagenets and Lancastrians
 * **(1471)** Edward IV reclaimed crown from King Henry VI; Henry VI died
 * **(1483)** King Edward IV died; dispute occurred about rightful king; Richard III crowned King
 * **(1485)** Henry Tudor, descendent of Edward III, fought to take over English throne; King Richard III died during battle, Henry Tudor crowned King Henry VII; War of the Roses ended at Battle of Bosworth
 * **(1492)** Kings Henry VII of England and Charles VII of France negotiated Treaty of Etaples; Christopher Columbus discovered Bahamas

1500's 1600's
 * **(1509)** King Henry VII died; King Henry VIII crowned
 * **(1513)** English defeated Scots and French invasion at Battle of Flodden Field
 * **(1533)** King Henry VIII divorced Catherine of Aragon; married Anne Boleyn; Pope excommunicated Henry VIII from church
 * **(1534)** King Henry VIII formed Church of England
 * **(1536)** Anne Boleyn executed; Henry VIII married Jane Seymour
 * **(1542)** Scottish forces attacked England at Battle of Solway; King James V of Scotland died; daughter Mary crowned Queen of Scots
 * **(1547)** King Henry VIII died; Edward VI (//age nine//) became King
 * **(1549)** Book of common prayer introduced; First Act of Uniformity passed, banning Roman Catholic mass
 * **(1553)** King Edward VI died; Lady Jane Grey declared Queen of England for nine days; Mary I crowned Queen
 * **(1558)** French retook Calais; Queen Mary I died; Elizabeth I crowned Queen
 * **(1559)** Mary, Queen of Scots, claimed her royal right to the English throne
 * **(1565)** Walter Raleigh brought tobacco to England
 * **(1567)** Mary, Queen of Scots, abdicated, son James declared King
 * **(1587)** Queen Elizabeth ordered execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, for treason
 * **(1588)** Spanish Armada sent to attack England; the English overwhelmingly defeated the Spanish fleet
 * **(1593)** William Shakespeare published first work
 * **(1600)** East India Company established
 * **(1601)** Queen Elizabeth I died; James VI of Scotland became James I of England, first Stuart king
 * **(1604)** Kings James I of England and Philip III of Spain signed Treaty of London, war ended
 * **(1605)** Plan to blow up Parliament, the Gunpowder Plot, failed
 * **(1614)** Parliament called Addled Parliament for not passing one act during sitting; James I dissolved Parliament
 * **(1620)** Mayflower with Pilgrims arrived in America
 * **(1621)** Thirty Years War began //(Protestants against Catholics)//
 * **(1625)** King James I died; son Charles I crowned
 * **(1640)** Long Parliament sat //(until 1660)//
 * **(1642)** English Civil War began
 * **(1645)** Civil War ended, Charles I defeated
 * **(1648)** Second Civil War occurred
 * **(1649)** King Charles I tried for levying war; found guilty and was executed; son Charles II declared himself King
 * **(1653 - 1658)** Lord Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector
 * **(1654)** England declared war on Spain
 * **(1660)** Monarchy restored with King Charles II
 * **(1665)** Great Plague struck London; over 75,000 died
 * **(1666)** Great Fire of London destroyed more than 12,000 houses, 80 churches
 * **(1685)** King Charles II died; brother James, Duke of York, crowned King James II
 * **(1688 - 1689)** Glorious Revolution took place, King James II deposed by Parliament
 * **(1689)** William III and Mary II jointly crowned King and Queen of England
 * **(1690)** Battle of the Boyce occurred, King William III defeated armies of James II
 * **(1691)** King William III took control of Ireland
 * **(1694)** Queen Mary II died; Bank of England established

1700's
 * **(1702)** King William III died; Anne, daughter of James II, crowned Queen
 * **(1707)** Act of Union passed - united England and Scotland as Great Britain
 * **(1714)** Queen Anne died; George Ludwig, great grandson of James I became King George I, the first German-speaking monarch
 * **(1720)** The South Sea Bubble financial crisis struck
 * **(1721)** Whig politician, Robert Walpole, became first Prime Minister of Great Britain
 * **(1727)** King George I died; son, George II crowned new king
 * **(1745)** French defeated Great Britain and Austria at Battle of Fontenoy; Bonnie Prince Charlie, claimant to throne, defeated by King George II supporters
 * **(1752)** Gregorian calendar //(also known as New Style//) adopted by Britain and all British colonies
 * **(1756)** Seven Years' War began
 * **(1760)** King George II died; George III new king
 * **(1763)** Treaty of Paris ended Seven Years' War
 * **(1770)** British troops sent to American colonies; Boston Massacre occurred; British troops quickly removed from Boston
 * **(1773)** Colonists in America dumped chests of tea into sea protesting taxes //(Boston Tea Party)//
 * **(1775)** American Revolution began
 * **(1776)** American Declaration of Independence signed by thirteen colonies declaring break from Britain
 * **(1781)** American Revolution ended; America won its independence